Resumen. Se determinó el efecto sobre la incidencia del moho gris en postcosecha de uchuva de las aplicaciones en campo de tres bioproductos a base de Trichoderma koningiopsis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa y Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, la alternancia del bioestimulante Kendal® y el extracto vegetal EcoSwing® y las rotaciones de fungicidas a base de Azoxistrobina - Difenoconazole y Thiram - Pyrimethanil. Semanalmente se cosechó la fruta, disponiendo en cámaras húmedas frutos con cáliz y sin este, incubadas durante siete días a 20 °C para promover el desarrollo de la enfermedad y determinar la eficacia en su control. Se realizó el seguimiento de las poblaciones de los antagonistas entre aplicaciones, mediante colecta de foliolos y el lavado en Tween 80 al 0.1%, sembrando alícuotas en medios específicos. En los frutos con cáliz la menor incidencia de la enfermedad con medias de 48 y 51% se presentó con las aplicaciones del hongo y la levadura respectivamente, mientras que en los frutos sin cáliz la incidencia no supero el 1.4% en todos los tratamientos. La población de antagonistas en la filósfera permaneció constante entre aplicaciones con recuentos de 1x103 UFC g-1 para T. koningiopsis y de 1x105 UFC g-1 para R. mucilaginosa y B. amyloliquefaciens.

Abstract. The effect of the field applications of three bioproducts (based on Trichoderma koningiopsis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), the alternation of the biostimulant Kendal® and the Swinglea glutinosa extract and the rotations of two fungicides (based on Azoxystrobin-Difenoconazole and Thiram-Pyrimethanol), on the incidence of gray mold in cape gooseberry postharvest was evaluated. For this purpose, the fruit was harvested weekly in the field, arranged in wet chambers with fruits with and without calyx, and incubated for seven days at 20 °C in laboratory conditions to promote the development of B. cinerea and determine the efficacy in its control. In addition, the populations of the microbial antagonists were monitored between applications by collecting the leaflets and washing them in 0.1% Tween 80 and sowing aliquots in specific culture media. In fruits with calyx, the lowest incidence of the gray mold, with averages of 48 and 51%, occurred with the applications of the bioproducts based on T. koningiopsis and R. mucilaginosa, respectively. In contrast, the incidence did not exceed 1.4% in fruits without calyx in all treatments. Furthermore, the population of microbial antagonists in the phyllosphere remained constant between applications, with counts of 1x103 CFU g-1 for T. koningiopsis and 1x105 CFU g-1 for R. mucilaginosa and B. amyloliquefaciens.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of irradiance and radiant exposure on the chemical–mechanical properties of a resin composite. A micro-hybrid resin composite (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) was investigated under two different irradiances: low (300 mW/cm2) and high (800 mW/cm2) and radiant exposures: 8 and 16 J/cm2. Four groups, named Low 8 J/cm2, High 8 J/cm2, Low 16 J/cm2, and High 16 J/cm2 were tested, and their flexural strengths, elastic moduli, depths of cure, and degrees of conversion were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. A multiple linear regression model was used to correlate the irradiance and radiant exposure with dependent variables (α = 0.05). Irradiance and radiant exposure were found statistically significant for all dependent variables. The interaction between the factors was statistically significant only for the degree of conversion and elastic modulus. Group Low 16 J/cm2 exhibited a significantly superior performance in all the evaluated properties. Barring the degree of conversion, no significant differences were observed among the properties evaluated between the Low 8 J/cm2 and High 8 J/cm2 groups. The adjusted R2 values were high for the depth of cure and degree of conversion (0.58 and 0.96, respectively). Both irradiance and radiant exposure parameters play an important role in establishing the final properties of a micro-hybrid resin composite. Irradiance has a greater influence under higher radiant exposures.

ABSTRACT Throughout the Amazon region, dark-colored soils with increased fertility are identified and referred as Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE). These unique soils are characterized by an anthropic surface horizon with dark colors, presence of charcoal and artifacts, in contrast with surrounding non-ADE soils. The ADEs show extraordinary properties such as the capacity of maintaining the dark colors and high nutrient levels after years of farming, even under the highly favorable climatic conditions for oxidation of organic matter and weathering of nutrients of Amazon region. The ADE are considered islands of fertility in the Amazon biome, as well as very important models for research, in terms of agricultural and environmental sustainability, carbon sequestration, nutrient bioavailability, food security, and for anthropological studies. However, there are many unanswered questions regarding the extent of human alterations, how they were formed, and their classification in the taxonomic systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify, describe, and characterize soil profiles of ADEs, located in the Southern region of Rondônia State, Brazil, and to contribute to their classification according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS) and the World Reference Base (WRB). Five soil profiles were described and sampled; P1 to P3 were under grass pastures, P4 and P5 under forest and crops with no-till, respectively. The morphological, physical, and chemical attributes, as well as contents of Fe, Al, Si, and Ti oxides and extractable iron forms were characterized. The anthropic horizons exhibited dark colors, artifacts, charcoal, sandier textures, predominantly granular structures, abrupt or clear transitions, and mostly wavy and irregular boundaries. Values of pH, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , exchangeable bases (S), CEC, and C were high in all anthropic horizons. Compared to non-ADE soils in the Amazon region, phosphorus contents were superior in all anthropic horizons, with the highest values in surface horizons of P1, P2, and P3. According to SiBCS, P1 was classified as Cambissolo, P2 as Argissolo , and P3, P4, and P5 as Latossolos. Except for P4, where values of extractable P by Mehlich-1 are lower than 30 mg kg -1 , all soils fulfilled the requirements for the anthropic horizon in the SiBCS, and new classes at the subgroup level were proposed. In the WRB, P4 and P5 were classified as Ferralsols. The other profiles were classified as Anthrosols. The radiocarbon dates (C 14 ) of charcoal fragments, obtained using a mass accelerator, showed ages between 940 ± 40 and 1230 ± 60 years BP.

RESUMEN El estudio, diseño y desarrollo de ciudades inteligentes con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos se ha venido trabajando en varias partes del mundo y Colombia no es ajena a esta realidad. Es por eso por lo que en este documento se presentan los avances obtenidos en la implementación de un prototipo de plataforma para articular desarrollos inteligentes en algunas universidades de la ciudad de Bogotá-Colombia. En primera medida, se presentan aspectos a considerar en el desarrollo de una ciudad inteligente. Para terminar, también se trata la importancia de los entornos virtuales y estudios de ruido, rejillas de sumidero para evitar las inundaciones por lluvia y el uso de la bicicleta como medio alternativo de transporte aplicados bajo el concepto de ciudades inteligentes.

ABSTRACT With the aim of improving the citizens quality of life; the study, design and development of smart cities have been worked in different parts of the world and Colombia is not excluded. Accordingly, this document presents the advances in the implementation of a platform prototype for joining smart developments in some universities from Bogotá-Colombia. First of all, some aspects to consider in the development of a Smart City are presented. Later, the importance of virtual environments and noise studies, the drain gratings to avoid flooding by rain and the use of the bicycle as an alternative means of transport is also shown.